Playing-cards.



A. W. BROWNE.

PLAYING CARDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.31. 1914. 1.149,4@ Patented May 25, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l. @www A WZ ci. Jv

Cm3 m L//v M12 @03 L m75 71W VQ/M03 @paw /CZ g! [Va/V03 S 229A/ KCl Zy/y /0 29,1/ @C22 70H M25 go/z/v/v/ /V/L (Z 09 Z/V in@ 20w www 'j m9500312 'I fuof xgen I 0 wvl/mm: I mag) 3mm/bwa @y @3M/ y@ THE MORRIS PETERS Co..PHO1`o-LITHO.. WASHINGTON, D. C.

A. W. BROWNE.

PLAYING CARDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 3l, 1914.

LMOAAM Patented May 25, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

n u www Y rHE NoRms PETERS cc.. PHOTQLITHO.. WASHINGTON, Dv L nutren sauras rafrnrrir onirica.

ARTHUR W. BROWNE, 0F ITHACA, NEW YORK.

PLAYING-CARDS.

madam.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that I, ARTI-rmi W. BRowNn, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Ithaca, county of Tompkins, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Playing-Cards, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to playing cards for a game of chemistry, or kindred science.

More particularly, my invention is a game of chemistry, which is played by the use of cards bearing indications of the names of chemical elements, and their respective chemical symbols, and preferably also the respective valence or valences of the chemical elements and a list of chemical compounds formed by the atoms of the chemical elements in accordance with the valence of the same. If desired, the cards may also contain data of importance and interest with respect to the respective elemental substances or elements and the chemical compounds containing the same, or with respect to chemical science or chemical industry in general, and the cards may also have thereon the pictures of chemists who are identified with researches in the discovery or commercial utilization of such elemental substance or element or of a chemical compound thereof, or with other developments in chemical science or industry, or pictures of chemical apparatus, laboratories, or industrial works.

I have hereinafter set forth more specifically one desirable form of game involving my invention, comprising cards each representing an atom of an elemental substance or element, each bearing the full name of the elemental substance, or the chemical element, in a prominent portion of the card, and with the chemical symbol thereof proximate thereto, and the indication of the valence thereof, as by a Roman numeral, at another prominent portion of the card. Each of the cards may also have printed thereon a list of chemical compounds containing one or more atoms of such elemental substance or chemical element in the valence indicated on such card. In those cases where an elemental substance or chemical element has two or more valences, there are separate cards for the respective lists of chemical compounds, in each of which lists the chemical compounds comprise one or more atoms of the elemental substance or element in the valence indicated on the card. In other Words, tak- Speccaton of Letters Patent.

ing for example, iron which is bivalent and trivalent, there will be a card on which the valence two is indicated and a list of compounds containing iron in bivalent combination, and there will be another card for iron having the valence three indicated thereon and a list of chemical compounds containing iron in trivalent combination.

An object in playing a game with a deck of cards comprising my invention is that each card represents one atom of an elemental substance or chemical element, and that a chemical compound enumerated in a list on a card is formed by taking as many cards respectively bearing the names of the atoms of the elemental substances or chemical elements as is indicated by the formula of such chemical compound. For example, taking common salt or sodium chlorid, a chemical compound of one atom of sodium (Na) and one atom of chlorin (Cl) such compound will be formed in playing the game by taking one sodium card and one chlorin card. Again, taking the chemical compound ferric chlorid comprising one atom of iron (Fe) and three atoms of chlorin 01,) such compound will be formed in the play of the game by one card of iron and three cards of chlorin. The total number of cards comprised in a deck will vary in accordance with the range of elemental substances or chemical elements and their respective chemical compounds desired to be included. Having chosen the elemental substances and chemical compounds or combinations thereof, then there will be a minimum number of cards representing the atoms of the respective elemental substances or chemical elements which must be comprised in the deck.

Other features and objects of my invention will be more fully understood from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 indicates a card representing an atom of the elemental substance or chemical element chlorin; Fig. 2 a card representing an atom of sodium; Fig. 3 a card representing an atom of hydrogen; Fig. 4L is a card representing an atom of bivalent iron; Fig. 5 a card representing an atom of oxygen; Fig. 6 a card representing an atom of trivalent nitrogen; Fig. 7 a card representing an atom of trivalent iron; Fig. 8 a card representing an atom of carbon; Fig. 9 representing an atom of quinque- Patented May 25, 19H5.

Application mea March 31, 1914. serial No. 828,464.

valent nitrogen and Fig. a card representing an atom of sulfur.

As is indicated inthe respective figures,

hand corner ofeach card; and the chemical symbol therefor is printed immediately below. Each card has printed thereon but one valence, the same being indicated by .a

Roman'numeral at the uppervright hand corner of fthe card.

Figs. l, 2 and 3 are cards representing respectively one atom of chlorin, Vsodium and hydrogen, which have each unity valence, 'so that each of these cards bears'the indication I at the upper right. Fig. 4 is a card representing an atom of iron of the valence two, and accordingly has printed thereon at the upper lright the indication II. On the other hand, the card shown in Figi 7 lhas printed thereon at the upper right the indication III for trivalent iron.

The card shown in Figl is a card representing an atom of oxygen which is Vbivalent, and accordingly the indication II is printed at the upper right. The cards vshown in Figs. 6v and 9'respectively are cards representing atoms vof nitrogen of valences three and ve, and accordingly the card in Fig. 6 has the indication III and thepca'rd in Fig. 9 the indication V. The cards shown in'Figs. 8 and 10 are cards representing an atom of carbon'and an atom of sulfur re- Y spectiVely, the former being quadrivalent and the latter sexivalent, so that the indications IV and VI `are respectively printed at the upper right hand cornersthereof.

AThe lists of chemical compounds lon the respective cards are subject toehoice, and

such lists may include any desired number of the chemical compounds containing'an atom of the elemental substance or chemical element of the valencer indicated thereon. Ordinarily, the list on avcard'embodies the best known or most common compounds, but each list on the cards may beV varied with respect to the number of chemical compounds or combinations of the atom -repre'- sented by the card with other atoms, also with respect to the number of compounds or combinations of the atom represented by the card with atoms of any oneother elemental substance or chemicalelement.

I have found it desirablel in general to indicate theV relative yactivity of the elemental substance or `chemical element by the number of chemical compounds or combinations enumerated on the card representing an atom thereof. For example, the list tain twenty-seven compounds, whereby even istry, derives the general impression that oxygen is far more active ychemically than nitrogen. Accordingly, the relatively larger number of compounds listed on the sodium card, see Fig.v 2, indicates to the'player that sodium is more active chemically than iron, either in bivalent or trivalent combinations,

vsee Figs. 4 and 7.

For convenience, I have shown the lists on the various cards to be arranged alphabetically with respect-to the atom of the elemental substance or chemical element other than that atom representedV by the card. Thus, on the chlorin card, see Fig.`1, the compounds calcium chlorid, chloroform, ferrie chlorid, hydrochloric-acid, etc., are indicated in the order named since the respective chemical symbols of calcium, carbon and hydrogen, etc., are alphabetically in the said order. yIt will be noted that the above described indications on the respective cards are arranged in double or duplex order whereby the printed matter on the left hand portion and at the top of each card reads yproperly irrespective of whether or not chemical element cannot be readilyV printed in a single column, then double columns, as is indicated in Figs. 3 andV 5,`may be resorted'` to. K' It will, of coursebe understood that the double or duplex arrangement of the printed matter on .the cards and the j specific arrangement vand enumeration of thefcompounds or combinations in each list may be varied to secure the vdesired objects.

A To indicate distinctions in chemical behavior ofthe atoms of the respective elemental substances or chemical elements, I have arranged the respective cards to indicate whether the .elemental substance or chemical element is electro-positive or electro-negative. eating such behavior is by printing the cards of the electropositive element in black, the cards of the electro-negative elements in behavior may be used.

`The use of a 'deck of cards of thechar- ,acterj described above may be illustrated by the following set of rules of play. v .Assume one desirable form of indired, of course, other colors may be employed, andother indices of such chemical the deck to comprise thirty cards off chlon rin atoms, as shown in Figl; four cards of sodium atoms as shown ,in Fig. 2; thirty cards of hydrogen atoms as shown in Fig. 3; two cards of iron atoms of the valence of two, and two cardsfof iron atoms of the valence of three, as shown l respectively in Figs. 4 and 7 5 thirty cards of oxygen atoms as shown in Fig. 5; two cards of trivalentnitrogen atoms as shown in Fig. 6; four cards of carbon atoms as shown in Fig. 8; two cards of quinquevalent nitrogen atoms, as shown in Fig. 9; and two cards of sulfur atoms as shown in Fig. l0. To these cards may be added two calcium cards, two magnesium cards, two zinc cards, two potassium cards, and two cards for sulfur of valency two, thus making a total number of chemical atoms of one hundred and twenty. After the deck has been shuffled, the dealer may deal say five cards to each player to be held by the respective players without exposing such respective hands to one another. rIlhe dealer will also deal out other cards of the deck to the players in sets, say sets of ten each, such sets to be placed on the table before the respective players face up, that is, only the top card of each pile will be exposed to all the players, or all the cards of such piles may be exposed.

The object of the game will be to form a chemical combination included in any list of chemical compounds or combinations on the cards by utilizing the proper cards or atoms and the proper number of such atoms lWhen such a combination is properly accomplished by a player by utilizing one or more cards from his hand with one or more cards from the exposed set of cards before him, such cards or atoms when properly combined to form a chemical compound or combination are now placed in a heap or pile in the center of the table. The successful player is the one who iirst succeeds in using up all the cards placed exposed on the table before him. Penalties may be provided for in case of failure of a player to use a card properly or for attempting to combine improper cards or atoms. |Ihe rules of play may include the forming or building up of a second pile of cards or atoms on the table, wholly or partly exposed to the other players, with the privilege of utilizing any card or cards from such second pile in conjunction with any card or cards from the iirst pile and any card or cards from the players own hand. Such second pile may be formed whenever a player is unable to make a combination, by placing a card to form or build up such second pile. To simulate somewhat the conditions obtaining in chemical manufacture, more or less appropriate names may be applied to the pile or piles of cards, as by calling each hand a drug room or stockroom, the iirst pile or row of cards raw material or an auxiliary stock room the second pile or row of cards a waste product heap the pile at the center of the table,

the nished product or formed materials, etc. The play of the game may be further extended by including points for successful combinations of the Iatoms based on the atomic or combining weights of the respective elements, `in which case each card may bear thereon the atomic weight of the element of which such card represents an atom 7 thereof.

I have referred above to additional cards representing atoms of magnesium, zinc, potassium, and calcium, and of sulfur of valence two. It will be understood that such cards will bear vthereon the name of the chemical element, its symbol, the valence thereof, and a list of chemical compounds containing one or more atoms of-such chemical element, and properly colored or marked to indicate whether the element is electropositive or electro-negative. As in the specific cards illustrated in the drawings, such additional cards will include in their respective lists chemical compounds correlated to the other cards or atoms, that is such compounds which are capable of being formed by the atom represented by the card with one or more atoms of the remainder of the deck. Thus, a magnesium (Mg) card may include magnesium oxid (MgO), magnesium hydrate l g(OH2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), etc.; a zinc (Zn) card may list zinc chlorid (ZnClz), zinc oxid (ZnO), zinc sulfate ZnSO), etc.; a potassium (K) card potassium chlorid (KCl), potassium carbonate (KZCOB), potassium bicarbonate (KHCOS) ,potassium nitrate KNOg), potassium hydroxid (KOH), potassium sulfid (KzS), potassium sulfate (KZSOQ, etc. Of these cards, magnesium, zinc and calcium are bivalent (II) and potassium is univalent. The sulfur (S) card of the valence of two (II) may include in its list iron sulfid (FeS), suliid of hydrogen (HES), potassium sulfid (KZS), sodium sulid (Nas), etc.

It will of course be understood that the rules of play with cards arranged in accordance with my invention, may be varied, and that the specific indications as the cards hereinabove set forth may be modified without departing from my invention to attain the desired objects.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is 1. A deck of cards comprising a plurality of cards each bearing a chemical notation corresponding to a certain chemical element and a list of chemical compounds containing said certain chemical element, and a plurality of cards each bearing a chemical notation corresponding to a certain other chemical element and a list of chemical compounds containing said certain other element, at least one of said last-named chemical compounds containing said certain chemical element.

2. A deck of cards comprising a plurality of cards each corresponding to a certain chemical element and bearing a notation of its -valence and a list ofchemical compounds containing said certain chemical element in the said valence, and a plurality of cards each corresponding to a certain other chemical element and bearing a notation of its valence and a list of chemical compounds containing said certain other element in its said valence, at least one of said'last-named chemical compounds containing also said certain chemical element in its said valence.

3. deck of cards comprising a plurality of cards each bearing the chemical symbol corresponding to a certain chemical element, a notation of its valence and further a set of chemical compounds containing said certain chemical element in its said valence', and a plurality of cards each bearing the chemical symbol corresponding to a certain other chemical element, a notation of its valence and furtherra list of chemical compounds containing said certainother element in its said valence, at least oneof said last-named chemical compounds containing also said certain chemical element in its said valence.

4; A deck of cards comprising a plurality v of sets of cards, said sets respectively corresponding to certain chemical. elements, the cards of the respective sets bearing the chemical symbolfand valence of the chemical element to Which it corresponds and a list of chemical compounds containing such chemical element in its: designated valence With the remaining of said certain chemical elements in their respective designated vvalences.V

l Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner o1 Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

